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(b) A generic pumping number curve shows that the pumping number is constant in both the laminar and turbulent flow regimes and that it is independent of D/T in the laminar region. (a) A generic power number curve shows that the power number is constant in turbulent flow.
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Agitator design calculation software manual#
This article compares the performance of pitched-blade turbines and hydrofoils in four ways: manual calculations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), mixing software, and real-world laboratory testing of a fluid that is very difficult to mix - a high-solids biomass slurry. The aerodynamic shape makes the blades more effective at producing flow for a given power and speed than pitched-blades and requires less torque for the same mixing conditions.Īlthough hydrofoil impellers are usually used in turbulent flow and pitched-blade turbine impellers in transitional flow, both have use in some laminar-flow applications. They have been used to blend low-viscosity liquids in shear-sensitive applications and to suspend solids. at the blade tip, to avoid boundary layer separation), and a camber in the blade that causes the chord angle to increase from tip to hub ( Figure 2). They usually have three blades, a low angle of attack (15–25 deg. Hydrofoil impellers have been used since the 1970s in many mixing applications. On a hydrofoil impeller, the camber, angle of attack, and chord angle can be designed and optimized for the fluid and mixing conditions.
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Their simple shape makes them economical to manufacture. They can create a vortex at the liquid surface to incorporate dry solids or gases. and have been used since at least the 1940s for general-purpose mixing of low- and medium-viscosity fluids, as well as for simple blending and solids suspension. Pitched-blade turbines typically have four blades at an angle of 45 deg. (High-viscosity fluids in a laminar regime are best mixed with a close-clearance impeller such as a helical ribbon, which is not discussed in this article.) Conventional wisdom holds that medium-viscosity fluids in transitional flow are best mixed with a pitched-blade turbine ( Figure 1a) and low-viscosity fluids in turbulent flow are mixed best with a hydrofoil impeller ( Figure 1b). The selection of an agitator impeller for mixing fluids in tanks is a widely researched field, with many resources available to study fluid flow.
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(b) Hydrofoil blades have an aerodynamic shape that requires less torque than pitched blades. (a) Pitched-blade turbine impellers typically have four blades and are used to mix low- and medium-viscosity fluids.